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Environmental Education Literacy Consortium (Hungerford, H.; Volk, T.; Wilke, R.; Champeau, R.; Marcinkowski, T.; May, T.; Bluhm, B.; and McKeown-Ice, R.) (1994)
Environmental Literacy Framework
Cognitive Dimensions (Knowledge and Skills)
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Knowledge of ecological and socio-political foundations
- Knowledge of and ability to identify, analyze, investigate and evaluate environmental problems and issues.
- Knowledge of and ability to apply environmental action strategies seeking to influence outcomes of environmental problems and issues
- Ability to develop and evaluate an appropriate action plan for the resolution of environmental problems or issues
Affective Dimensions
- Recognition of the importance of environmental quality and the existence of environmental problems and issues
- Empathic, appreciative and caring attitudes toward the environment
- Willingness to work toward the prevention and/or remediation of environmental problems and issues
Additional Determinants
of Environmentally Responsible Behavior
- Belief in their ability, both individually and collectively, to influence outcomes of environmental problems and issues
- Assumption of responsibility for personal actions that influence the environment
Personal and/or Group Involvement
in Environmentally Responsible Behaviors
- Ecomanagement--e.g. actions such as using a more energy efficient form of transportation, reducing consumption of energy or water, improving wildlife habitat, recycling, etc.
- Economic/consumer action--e.g., purchasing products in returnable/reusable containers, avoiding purchase of excess packaging, avoiding items with toxic by-products, providing financial support to an environmental organization, boycotting products considered to be damaging to the environment, etc.
- Persuasion--e.g., using informal discussion to encourage another to support a positive environmental position or action, distributing "pro-environment" literature, signing a petition, encouraging another individual or group to stop some kind of destructive behavior, writing a letter to a person/group/company to stop an action that has negative environmental consequences, giving a speech, etc.
- Political action--e.g., writing letters or speaking directly to elected officials on behalf of an environmental issue, supporting by time or finances a candidate or lobbying group based upon an environmental issue, running for or serving in an official capacity with the intent of supporting pro-environmental positions or actions, etc.
- Legal action--e.g. reporting violations in pollution/littering, fishing, trapping or hunting laws or plant or animal collecting to the authorities, working with authorities to patrol areas for enforcing environmental laws, providing information or testimony at a legal hearing or participating in a lawsuit against a person/group who has violated a law aimed at protecting the environment, etc.
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